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Focus Group Discussion with the Jovellar Poverty Reduction Action Team

1) Project Description 2

2) FGD Description 5

3) Profile of Respondents 5

4) Results of the FGD Discussion 5

a) General Feedback on BUP 5

b) Level and Depth of Collaboration 6

c) Facilitating and Hindering Factors 6

d) Effects of the BUP 7

5) Discussion Analysis 8

6) Conclusion 11

7) Annexes 12

a) Focused Group Discussion Registration Sheet/Respondents’ Profile 13

b) BUP Assessment – Focus Group Discussion Transcription 14

c) Executive Order No. 12-04, series of 2012, organizing the LPRAT 33

d) List of Prioritized Projects 35

e) MDC Resolution Endorsing List of Priority Projects to the Sangguniang Bayan, Jovellar, Albay 41

f) Sangguniang Bayan Resolution Endorsing List of Priority Projects to Concerned NGAs 44

g) Letter Endorsing Priority Projects to NAPC 47

List of Tables

Table 1. Amount Earmarked by NGAs for BUP 3

Table 2. Summary of List of Priority Projects 4

Table 3. Basic Profile of Respondents 5

Project Description

Background

In 2011, the Philippine government through the Office of the President, organized its national agencies into clusters with the aim of focusing government response to, or strategies on, specific issues of poverty, security, governance, etc.

The organized clusters included the Human Development and Poverty Reduction Cluster (HDPRC) and the Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Cluster (GGACC). Both clusters, together with the Department of Budget and Management (DBM) and the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), piloted the bottom-up approach to planning and budgeting (BUP from hereon in).

On March 8, 2012, the DBM, DILG, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), and the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), issued Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, series of 2012 (JMC), which set the guidelines for participating government agencies in the implementation of the BUP in time for the FY 2013 national budget preparation.

Aside from the DBM, DILG, DSWD and NAPC, the participating national government agencies (NGAs) included the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), the Department of Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Education (DepEd), the Department of Health (DOH)/Philippine Health Insurance Commission (PhilHealth), the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Electrification Administration (NEA).

The JMC likewise selected 609 participating local government units (LGUs). For the 2013 budget, the JMC targeted at least 300 of the 609 focus LGUs.

Part of the BUP implementation procedure required the targeted LGUs to organize their respective Local Poverty Reduction Action Team (LPRATs).[1] The LPRATs had been tasked, among other things, with identifying and prioritizing specific, budgeted, and time-bound projects for possible financing by the participating NGAs. They would—through workshops—identify, analyze, and prioritize community issues and the corresponding activities and projects that were meant to address them.

The LPRATs would then submit their prioritized list of projects to the concerned agencies for inclusion in the latter’s 2013 budgets. The JMC required the participating NGAs to allocate at least 10 percent of their 2013 budget for funding of LPRAT-prioritized projects. The allocated amounts, by agency, are indicated below:

Table 1. Amount Earmarked by NGAs for BUP

NGAs	Earmarked Amount(in million Php)
Department of Agriculture	2,839
Department of Agrarian Reform	508
Department of Energy	12
National Electrification Administration	993
Department of Environment and Natural Resources	351
Department of Social Welfare and Development	494
Department of Health/Philippine Health Insurance Corporation	1,110
Department of Education	2,599
Department of the Interior and Local Government	83
Department of Labor and Employment	35
Total	9,024

Source: JMC 01-2012

BUP Objectives

The BUP aimed, among other things, to foster and promote participation of grassroots organizations/ civil society organizations (CSOs) and the rest of the community members in the formulation of government plans and budgets.

The BUP also provided the mechanism by which the inclusion of funding requirements for the development needs of the focus LGUs, as analyzed and prioritized through LRAP workshops, would be ensured.

The Municipality of Jovellar

Jovellar is one of component municipalities of the Province of Albay. It is also one of the 69 LGUs in Region 5 (Bicol Region) that have been selected to participate in the BUP. Per income classification, Jovellar is a 4th class municipality. It has a generally mountainous terrain. Access and mobility is limited by inadequate road networks and transportation facilities plying the routes within the area.

Pursuant to the JMC, the LGU of Jovellar issued Executive Order No. 12-004, series of 2012, creating the Local Poverty Reduction Action Team (LPRAT) and authorizing the team to formulate a Local Poverty Reduction Action Plan (LPRAP) through a LPRA planning workshop. (Copy of the EO is attached as Annex 7-c.)

However, instead of conducting the LPRA planning workshop, the LGU of Jovellar convened its Municipal Development Council (MDC) to deliberate on the list of priority projects that resulted from various participatory planning activities conducted through the Makamasang Tugon (MT) of the KALAHI CIDSS Project.[2] In 2004, Jovellar implemented one cycle of KALAHI CIDSS. In 2011, the LGU implemented MT.

The MDC met on March 14, 2012. The meeting produced a list of prioritized projects (copy attached as Annex 7-d) and submitted it to the participating NGAs following the JMC-prescribed protocol.

The table below summarizes the list of priority projects adopted during the MDC meeting and submitted by the LPRAT to the NGAs.

Table 2. Summary of List of Priority Projects

List of Projects (in order or priority)	Reason for prioritization	Total Budget (in M Php)				Funding Sources(in M Php)
List of Projects (in order or priority)	Reason for prioritization					LGU	NGA
Farm to Market Road	Facilitate transport of farm products	30				0	30
Capability Building for CSOs	Strengthen CSOs and institutionalize CSO participation in local governance		2			0	2
Acquisition of Irrigation Facilities and Equipment	To enable crops planted to grow during the occurrence of dry season/drought		1.2			0	1.2
Solar Dryer (Post Harvest)	To address the post harvest needs of farmers		8			0	8
Construction of Barangay Bagsakan Center (Food Terminal)	Develop alternative market for farm products through direct marketing		2			0	2
Establishment of Barangay Nurseries	Promote organic and environment-friendly agriculture		1.2			0	1.2
Rehabilitation of Calzada-Jovellar Road	Provide alternate routes for neighboring barangays		2			0	2
Acquisition of Sanitary Land Fill and Equipment (Phase 1)	Improve solid waste management system		18			0	18
Improvement of public market	Provide vendors with convenient place to sell their wares		5			0	5
Animal Dispersal Program	Provide livelihood opportunities for farmers and increase supply of meat		21			0	21
Skills Training	Complement livelihood programs		.98			0	.98
Flood Control Projects	Prevent landslides and erosion			26		0	26
Construction of Fire Building	Facilities for fire personnel			5		0	5
Acquisition of rescue Vehicles and Equipment	Supplies and equipment for fire personnel			4		0	4
Housing/Community Development Program	Relocate households from low-lying areas				30	0	30
		30	61.38	35	30	0	156.38

Source: Annex 7-d

FGD Description

The FGD was conducted 5 September 2012 in the Mayor’s Office of Jovellar, Albay. The FGD lasted for 2 hours and 30 minutes, from 1:00 PM to 3:30 PM. A total number of 5 respondents participated in this FGD. Hermilando Aberia facilitated the FGD. Karen Lapitan documented the whole proceedings.

The FGD in Jovellar had limitations. Although the DSWD Field Office 5 sent an official letter to the LGU to inform the latter about the BUP Assessment and that the FGD was set to be conducted on this date, the LGU did not receive it. It turned out the letter was misent to another LGU. The LGU staff members were not aware the FGD was to be conducted. Attendance in the FGD was therefore compromised. Only 5 out of 14 LPRAT members were present during the FGD.

Another limitation was the participation by respondents in the discussion. The Facilitation Team observed that all respondents deferred—rather highly—to Mr. Justin Luna, the Municipal Administrator. When he said something, nobody offered another view or perspective, despite probing efforts to encourage everyone’s participation.

Profile of Respondents

The respondents comprised the membership of the Local Poverty Reduction Action Team (LPRAT). Of the 5 respondents, 4 were males and 1 was female. They had an average age of 40, with 62 being the oldest and 30 being the youngest. The table below summarizes the respondents’ profiles:

Table 3. Basic Profile of Respondents

Distribution by Gender			Composition of E-LPRAT
Gender	Number	Percentage		Number	Percentage
Male	4	80	Government	4	80
Female	1	20	Non-Government	1	20
Distribution by Age
Below 20	0
21-30	0
31-40	2
41-50	0
51-60	3
Above 60	0
Source: Annex 7-a

Results of the FGD Discussion

General Feedback on BUP

The respondents said that they were familiar with the concept or idea of participatory processes. They also said that they heard of, although not very familiar with, the BUP as described in JMC 01-2012. They could hardly recall the exact provisions of the JMC.

Their orientation from participatory processes came from experiences in the implementation of CDD projects like KALAHI CIDSS and MT. They also mentioned some JICA projects which promoted LGU and community involvement.

The FGD discussion showed that Jovellar did not implement the BUP in the exactl manner as the JMC prescribed. The JMC required the LPRAT to undergo a planning workshop and generate a list of prioritized projects from the workshop outputs.

Instead, the LGU tapped the results of the project identification and prioritization processes undertaken under the Makamasang Tugon. The processes included barangay assembly meetings where community members were given time and opportunities to discuss their issues and the solutions (or sub-projects) they have in mind to address them. These barangay assemblies also served as venues for prioritizing the sub-projects being proposed by community members.

From barangays assemblies, the process moved upward to the municipal level where barangay representatives discussed among themselves to further prioritize which among the sub-projects proposed by community members at the barangay level (through barangay assemblies) would be funded first. The number of sub-projects that would get funding support would depend on the amount of funds available for the project (KALAHI CIDSS or MT).

The list of prioritized projects that emerged from the municipal-level assembly served as inputs for the discussion by the Municipal Development Council in its formulation of the List of Prioritized Projects which the LGU submitted to the NGAs per the JMC.

Level and Depth of Collaboration

The CSOs participated in the formulation of the List of Prioritized Projects through the MDC-organized planning process. The MDC, per the Local Government Code, was mandated to accredit NGOs to promote people participation in local development planning processes. However, the LGU claimed that an NGO has yet to pass the criteria for accreditation. To facilitate CSO participation in development planning at the MDC, the LGU accorded recognition—instead of accreditation—to several CSOs.

The FGD showed that CSOs participated in the formulation of the List of Prioritized projects at two levels. One was at the community/barangay level. Then another was at the municipal—through CSO participation in the MDC meeting—level. The CSO representatives endorsed the List of Prioritized projects as required by the JMC.

Moreover, the MDC membership comprised, aside from CSO representatives, the Punong Barangay (Chairperson) of each component barangay of the LGU. The other MDC members included heads of each department or unit of the municipal government.

Facilitating and Hindering Factors

For the LGU planning activities and the entire participatory processes that went into the List of Prioritized Projects, the FGD respondents identified the following as facilitating factors:

Active CSO Participation and experiences in participatory planning processes

With some guidance from the LGU, the CSOs have established their presence in planning activities and have contributed to the identification and prioritization of projects proposed for funding and implemented in the municipality of Jovellar. The LGU started to mainstream people participation in its implementation of KALAHI CIDSS in 2004, and of Makamasang Tugon in 2011, with technical support from the DSWD.

LGU Support

The LGU has shown it could mobilize its constituency to support the development projects it proposed, prioritized, approved for funding, and eventually implemented.

On the other hand, the FGD showed that the following factors hindered the LPRAT from carrying out its functions to the fullest:

LGU Concerns with KALAHI

The FGD participants expressed concern that the manner of implementation remained unclear to them. If this was going the way of KALAHI, which meant being lead by the barangay, then the municipal LGU would have problems. They said the planning process was not much of a problem, but implementation of community projects was. They therefore requested clarification on how the JMC project was going to be implemented.

Incomplete CBMS

The LGU of Jovellar had yet to complete its Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) and other related, up-to-date, and comprehensive socio-economic data to provide empirical support to the LPRAT’s discussion on community issues and prioritization of projects.

Nevertheless, except for the above issues, the FGD participants did not recall having encountered any problem that was related to BUP implementation.

On the question of what changes the FGD participants would like to happen to improve BUP implementation, they suggested the need to link performance with funding allocation. They said the BUP funds should be used to reward good performance with a higher allocation than what has been programmed for the participating LGUs.

Effects of the BUP

Although the LGU had applied participatory planning processes through implementation of KALAHI and Makamasang Tugon, it has not yet institutionalized the participation of CSOs in local bodies as required by the Local Government Code. FGD participatants explained that the MDC has yet to accredit CSOs as required by the LGC because none of the CSOs could pass the criteria for accreditation.

To address the problem, the LGU issued Certificates of Recognition to CSOs that have been participating in KALAHI, Makamasang Tugon and other local bodies (including Barangay Health Workers, Day Care Workers, and the DSWD-sanctioned Parent Leaders of the Municipal Link (4Ps). The LGU has so far issued the certificates to 7 CSOs, namely: Small Coconut Farmers Cooperative (SCFC), Cabraran Coconut Farmers Cooperative (CCFC), (CFCA-CASARO), Jovellar Traders Association (JTA), JOTODA, MNAO, and Federation of Senior Citizens Association. Five of these CSOs (SCFC, FSCA, JTA, CCFC and SCFC) were members of the LPRAT. They also participated in the meeting called by MDC to finalize the list of prioritized projects submitted by Jovellar to the NGAs pursuant to the JMC.

The CCFC and Parent Leaders of 4Ps represented the CSO sector as endorser of Jovellar’s List of Priority Projects.

In effect the BUP has “legitimized” the membership of CSOs in the MDC and other LGU planning activities.

Discussion Analysis

On Discussion 1, the respondents had no detailed answers to the question of how familiar they were with the provisions of the JMC and of the BUP. Excerpts of the discussion are reprinted below from the transcript (Annex 7.b):

Facilitator: [Itong] JMC? Pano diniscuss sa inyo?

Justin Luna: May mga inattendan kami nito. Hindi ko na masyadong ma-recall.

Facilitator: ‘Yung JMC na tinatawag, siya ‘yung parang guidelines ng BUP.

Justin Luna: Parang di ko nama-recall. Maaari, Sir pero hindi ko na ma-recall. Basta ‘yung prescribed nilang ano, sinusunod naman naming. 609? Ang dami na ring naattendan.

Facilitator: Ma’am kayo? … . Familiar po kayo?

Glena Losito: Hindi po.

Justin Luna: Sa dami na ng ano.

Glena Losito: Ano kahapon, nagmeeting kami. ‘Yung budget nagmi-meeting kami palagi. Nag-meeting nga kami para i-conduct na ‘yung sa 2013. May schedule po kami this October para dun sa roll out. Kaya nga maingay kami kahapon, hindi naming alam yung mga dinidiscuss. Di kami kasama sa lahat ng meeting. Di kami kasama sa meeting ng NAPC. Ayun, gagawa na kami ng roll out para dun sa BUP.

Justin Luna: Sa dami ng ganito, Sir. Hindi mo pa nada-digest ‘yung isa, may darating na namang bago.

However, they were comnfortable in the discussion of their experiences with community participation processes given the years in which they implemented KALAHI and Makamasang Tugon.

On Discussion 2, the participants explained that the KALAHI approaches more than satisfied the requirements of the BUP insofar as ensuring CSO participation in the planning process was concerned. Here are some excerpts from the transcript:

Justin Luna: Ang nangyari, nire-require ng NAPC ‘yung mga series of meetings, ‘yung bottom-up planning. At that time meron kaming KALAHI, ‘yung Makasamang Tugon. So they had conducted barangay assembly, consultations sa mga barangay barangay. So ang ginawa nila, they volunteered the information to us, kung ano ‘yung mga priority projects na gusto ng mga tao. So base dun sa consultancy nila tapos may MDC policies at barangay captains. ‘Yung kinalabasan na priority projects, andiyan nga, may binigay na akong kopya kay Karen…’yung identified ng MDC, base na rin dun sa barangay assembly conducted.

Practically, hindi na kami nagconduct ng barangay assembly as prescribed by the bottom-up planning but magkatugma lang din naman eh. Hindi rin naman masasabing ina-no naming ‘yung sa munisipyo na identified projects kasi KALAHI ‘yun eh. Nagbarangay assembly, so based’ yung priority programs namin dun sa mga sinabi ng tao. Dun din galing sa kanila sa barangay assembly.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa mga barangay assembly. But just the same, para maverify natin if ito talaga, prinesent naming dun sa MDC, sa barangay captains. So we had that MDC resolution na may copy sa kanya. Out of that, nakapagsubmit kami ng priority projects na nai-submit na naming sa NAPC.

Facilitator: So hindi na na-question ng NAPC ‘yun? ‘Yung proseso?

Justin Luna: Hindi na. Na-appreciate nga nila ‘yun na ang bilis nakagawa tapos tinginan nila ‘yung ano. So okay lang.

Facilitator: So ngayon, diretso na tayo dun sa tanong namin pero babalik tayo dun kasi meron tayong sequence dito eh pero para di natin makalimutan ‘yung point na ‘yun, doon po sa ginawang prioritization ng Makasamang Tugon, endorsed ng CSO, MDC at saka ng LGU, ano ang naging role ng LPRAT members?

Facilitator: Magkaiba ang process pero pareho lang din ng result?

Justine Luna: Oo, pareho lang ng result. To show to you that we have minutes, ayan minutes. Sir, nagagawan gawan lang ng minutes ‘yan papirmahan mo lang. I-video kako natin. Anyway, pareho lang naman pala. May short cut lang.

On Discussion 3, the general feedback has been positive for the BUP approach, that is, in the way that KALAHI and MT have been implemented. They cited the participation of community members as enhancement to the local development planning process. Only up to a point, however. They did not like the way implementation of community projects was undertaken under KALAHI. They cited the example of a barangay road. Where before the road was not muddy when rains came (the municipal LGU invested on the construction of 1-meter wide concrete pavement along the road), it ended up muddy during rainy days when KALAHI implemented (and scoured the pavement) a gravel road along the same route. They derisively called KALAHI “Kalapok.”

Years after the LGU completed one cycle of KALAHI (and onwards to BUP), the FGD discussion could still not get over the experience. Excerpts:

Justin Luna: Alam mo, Sir nag-attend ako nung sa Holiday Inn last May ata ‘yun. Andun si Secretary Soliman. Sa Holiday Inn Manila. Sa bottom-up planning din ‘yun eh. Sa Ortigas? Sa Holiday Inn? Iba ‘yung pinagtatalunan dun ng mga mayor eh. Kaya nagulat kaming participants dun na hindi mayor. Bakit nagtatalo na agad sa ganun? Eh bottom-up planning naman ididiscuss dun eh. Advance na sila, ayaw nila ng KALAHI way.

Facilitator: Ano po ang kanilang concern sa proseso ng KALAHI?

Justin Luna: Sa budget. ‘Yung pera daw ng munisipyo, ibibigay sa barangay. Tapos barangay ang maiimplement, magko-conduct ng bidding.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa organization, ‘yung sa implementation ng projects. Kami, ‘yung mga MPDO kasi problema daw ‘yun. ‘Yun pera ng, pag nag bottom-up planning tapos susundin natin ‘yung way ng KALAHI, hindi naman magkakaproblema. Hindi naman problema sa COA. Basta ‘yung sa disbursement basta masusunod. ‘Yung guidelines ng disbursement ng KALAHI? Kasi mga mayor dun, halos lahat ayaw nila sa ganun.

Justin Luna: ‘Yun din naman, ‘yung bottom-up planning. ‘Yung implementation madugo talaga ‘yun eh. Tinabi kami eh, di kami kasama. Bandang huli, mga MPDO din gumawa, ‘yung sa manifest ba ‘yun? Kaya hindi pa rin masyado. Kung baga sa atin, hindi pa pulbos ‘yun eh. But the basic concept of the bottom-up planning, nasusunod naman. Siguro kayo na mag-a-assess.

Justin Luna: Ano sir, ang madugo lang naman diyan. ‘Yung pag-implement. Kung sino ang mag-iimplement. Pano i-implement. Kung paano ang ‘yung sa 8 million na ibibigay next year. Kasi ang pagkaintindi kasi kala naming idownload sa amin ng DBM ang pera. ‘Yung manner of implementation, parang may confusion dun. Gagayahin ba ‘yung KALAHI na way of implementation? Which is ‘yung barangay ang nagi-implement.

Justin Luna: Ayaw nila ng way ng KALAHI. ‘Yung munisipyo daw hindi pwedeng pakialaman ‘yung community. Eh wala namang sinasabing ganun ah. Anyway, malalaman naming ‘yan sa seminar.

And their frustration spilled over to other project partners. This time they gave the Department of Public works and Highways a harsh review:

Justin Luna: May isa pang sentiment Sir, kasi hindi naman nakasama doon si Mayor. Ang request sana ng mga taga Samar ata yun. Kung may pera kayong ibibigay samin, wag niyo nang idadaan sa Congressman namin. Kasi kung sa Congressman, idadaan pa sa Disctrict DPWH. Eh alam naman natin, wag na tayong magpaligoy ligoy dito, pag dumaan kay District Engineer, kakaltasan niya yan. Eh marunong naman kaming magimplement dito sa LGU, why not idownload na lang ang pera sa LGU? May punto rin naman di ba? Gaya kay governor daw, sabi may pera na. Naimplement na ang project, pero wala pa naman yung pera. So ayun ang concern ng mga LGU, directly na lang, lalo na kung may Seal of Good Housekeeping naman. Parang ganun Sir, ang ano. Ewan ko lang kung nalagay sa manifesto.

On Discussion 4, the respondents reflected on how the BUP sharpened their appreciation of why bottom-up planning enhanced the quality of project prioritization processes. Whether the process applied representation as a way of getting the pulse of the people, or through direct participation of community members as prescribed by KALAHI, they could distinguish the nuances of each approach. Example:

Justin Luna: xxxx Yung prioritization ng project, kung saan manggaling. Kasi before, ‘yung idea talaga may participation ang CSO. Si Mayor ang nag-identify ng lahat. Kapitan, anong kailangan mo? Ganito ba? Which is misconception naman. Kasi sabi ko nga, even before pa, Kap, tinatanong ni Mayor ano ba ang kailangan diyan sa bayan ninyo o barangay ninyo? Eh Mayor, sabi ng mga tao ganito, ganito, ganito. So very informal ba. Hindi gaya nung sa KALAHI na barangay assembly. Kung baga sa concept, na-formalize lang. ‘Yung sa KALAHI, sinusunod naman. Gumanda lang ang pagtingin o package.

The FGD also discussed the process occasioned by the JMC that drove them to tweak the membership of the MDC. They recognized how important institutional participation by the CSOs in municipal planning was. Here is an excerpt of the discussion:

Justin Luna: Opo, Sir sa Diocese nga. So ngayon, di sabi nila in the form of recognition na lang ng Sangguniang Bayan. ‘Yung CSO dito na hindi na-ano. So nagpasa sila ng resolution recognizing certain CSOs dito sa amin organizations, para at least may participation para pag nagpapatawag ang MDC meron kaming talagang tinatawagan na mga tao. ‘Yun din naman ang gusto ni Mayor. Hindi rin naman kaya ng munisipyo mag-isa eh. So ‘yun ang naging rule. Recognition hindi na accredition kasi if we will be strict about the accreditation, walang makakapasa.

Facilitator: So siguro technical term na lang?

Justin Luna: Technical term na lang ‘yun. Sa 7160 ‘yun ang nakalagay di ba? So okay naman, naipakita natin na may participation ang CSO. Kusa naman silang pumupunta.

Conclusion

The FGD was able to elicit the following information from respondents:

Jovellar did not conduct a planning workshop to formulate a list of priority projects as required by the BUP/JMC. Instead, the LGU mobilized the membership of its Municiapl Development Councial and, through a meeting, arrived at a consensus on what projects to propose to the NGAs.

The FGD respondents had a broad idea of what the JMC was all about. However, they could not recall any of its specific provisions. They also asserted that they were familiar with the concept of participatory processes and bottom-up planning approaches due to their previous experiences in implementing community-driven development projects like KALAHI and Makamasang Tugon.

In the respondents’ view, KALAHI and Makamasang Tugon have raised the capacity of the LGUs (municipal and barangay) in the area of engaging communities for participatory local governance. However, there are doubts if the processes they promoted truly changed the way people viewed community participation—from one that benefits to one who decides.

The LGUwas also wary of KALAHI and DPWH being implementers of projects. The FGD respondents discussed experiences where implementation of projects left much room to be desired because the LGU had—in their words—been left out.

The respondents thought that linking performance to the allocation of funds for each LGU should be considered to improve BUP.

Jovellar’s implementation of the BUP deviated from the norm. Whether the approach taken by the LGU would result in—as envisioned by the JMC—community ownership of prioritized projects, lead to greater impact towards participatory governance, and effectively address pervading issues of poverty and powerlessness, were matters that remained to be seen.

Nevertheless, the FGD also showed that the BUP has raised the level of the LGU’s awareness on the need to institutionalize participatory governance. By engaging community organizations (through KALAHI and Makamasang Tugo then, and through recognition of CSOs as MDC members now) it has shown to lead in that direction.

Annexes

Focused Group Discussion Registration Sheet/Respondents’ Profile

Jovellar

August 1, 2012

Name	Gov	Non-gov	Institution/Organization	Position	Age	Gender
1. Victor Romoualdo		X	Jovellar Traders Org	President	60	M
2. Glenda Losito	X		LGU	MBO	58	F
3. Alex Reonal	X		LGU	ME	55	M
4. Angel Laguilles	X		LGU	SB Member	37	M
5. Justin Luna	X		LGU	Mun Administrator	39	M
					49.80	M=4; F=1

BUP Assessment – Focus Group Discussion Transcription

Jovellar, Albay

Date: September 5, 2012

Venue: Mayor’s Office

Municipality: Jovellar, Albay

Attendees:

Victor Romualdo, Jovellar Traders Organization Representative / SB Councilor, 60, Male

Glena Losito, Municipal Budget Officer, 58, Female

Engr. Alex Reonal, Muncipal Engineer, 55, Male

Angel Laguilles, SB Councilor, 37, Male

Justin Luna, Municipal Administrator, 39, Female

Facilitator: So ibig sabihin, nauna ‘yung Makasamang Tugon.

Facilitator: Hindi na ni-require ng NAPC na kelangan ay source din ang CSO?

Justin Luna: Andun din, nagparticipate din ‘yung CSO. May pirma sila dun sa submitted. Plus ilan pa ‘yun? Bale tatlo ata ‘yun or lima. Mga lima ‘yung nakapirma dun. Kasi ‘yung MDC dapat kasama sila. Doon kami nagkaroon ng ano, ‘yun ang nai-submit namin sa NAPC na priority projects. Kaya nagtataka rin si Usec. Dorotan noon bakit anya puro FMR, road, ganyan. Bakit walang livelihood? Ika ko, Ma’am, wala talagang livelihood kung walang roads. Kasi kung magpapaluwal ka sa farmers, kasi dito Sir sa experience namin, magbibigay ka ng binhi o kaya magdi-dispersal ka o magbibigay ng pera, walang nangyayari kasi parang sa talon lang hinulog ang pera. Sasabihin sayo ng na-releasan, wala eh lugi. Identified talagang projects ay farm to market roads. Kaya minsan ang NAPC, nagtataka bakit roads. Eh ‘yun naman ang kailangan namin. We will talk about livelihood pag anon a. Dun kami nagtatalo ni Usec. Dorotan. Two times na nagka-anuhan kami ni Usec.

Facilitator: Alam naman ni Usec. Dorotan na dumaan siya sa proseso?

Justin Luna: Oo. Eh nung nag-usap kami, wala pa ‘yang BUP BUP na ‘yan eh. ‘Yun nga, nung nagprescribe ang ano, binigyan kami ng deadline ng NAPC na magsubmit ng priority projects. ‘Yun ang naging innovation or sabihin na nating short cut namin. ‘Yung findings dun sa KALAHI sa barangay assemblies, pareho lang naman eh. Ano ang identified projects ng barangay, ‘yung mga plano nila. So ‘yun ang inano naming sa priority projects namin.

Sumunod din naman sa proseso, kaya lang kung independence ang pinaguusapan, mas transparent na rin ‘yun.

Facilitator: So hindi na na-question ng NAPC ‘yun? ‘Yung proseso?

Justin Luna: Hindi na. Na-appreciate nga nila ‘yun na ang bilis nakagawa tapos tinginan nila ‘yung ano. So okay lang.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa MDC?

Facilitator: Halimbawa, lahat din naman sa MDC members ng LPRAT.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung consultations dun sa barangay captains, pag-identify ng priority projects.

Facilitator: Nautusan po kami ng Development Academy of the Philippines para mag-assess ng implementation ng JMC, ‘yung Joint Memorandum Circular issued jointly by the DSWD, DILG, NAPC eto ngang bottom-up planning. May timeline po na binigay ito ang JMC. April dapat nakasubmit na, latest ay May 2012 in time naman para sa budgeting kasi July nagsa-submit ang executive. So ayun ang purpose kaya minadali. Ngayon, ang sinasabi po ng JMC na I’m sure familiar naman kayo. Mag-a-allocate ang national government agencies ng at least 10 percent. Bale 11 national government agencies, aside from DSWD, DILG maga-allocae sila ng 10 percent para sa projects. Halimbawa, ang budget ng DSWD for 2013 ay 1 million, example lang ‘yun, 10 percent dun or 100, 000 ay para sa mga LGUs, sa participating LGUs.

So kagaya nga dun sa dumaan na proseso, ‘yung mga naprioritze ng Jovellar, isa ‘yun sa mga priority projects na isasama dun sa 10 percent. ‘Yun naman ang paliwanag sa atin. Regarding dun sa BUP, ang assessment will inform para sa 2013 na budgeting. So ‘yung ginawa niyong exercise using the Makamasan Tugon na process ‘yun ay para sa 2013. So mag-a-assess ang DSWD, nakontrata ang DAP para tingnan kung ano ang result ng implementation. So depending kung ano ‘yung result parang binabanggit nila na pwedeng taasan ‘yung 10 percent. So sa medaling salita, maganda ang balita para dun sa mga LGUs, dun sa mga nangangailangan ng extra funding at sources. So ‘yun po ang purpose ng assessment. Kailangan naming tingnan kung ano ang ginawa ng LGUs, specifically ‘yung LPRAT para sa pag-implement ng JMC. And then kasali ang CSO na directly makakapagbigay satin ng feedback kung ano ang impact nito dun sa ating basic community members. So ‘yun po.

Meron kaming mga guide questions para madali nating masundan. Meron ditong baka iba sa situation ninyo, i-skip na lang natin ‘yun. So number 1, familiar nab a kayo sa tinatawag na participatory processes? Meaning before ‘yung BUP?

Justin Luna: Oo, ‘yung experience naming sa KALAHI dapat kinu-konsulta ‘yung community based.

Facilitator: ‘Yung Makamasang Tugon di ba meron pa ‘yang prior three years na KALAHI? Or diretso na?

Justin Luna: Hindi naman eh. Pang-ilang cycle na nila, Lex?

Engr . Alex Reonal: Pangalawa na.

Facilitator: ‘Yung sa ibang LGUs, tatlong cycle. S anong year ‘yun?

Engr. Alex Reonal: 2004 yata, then after completion ng first cycle, nawala ulit then ngayong taon.

Justin Luna: 2011.

Facilitator: At least parang mas malinaw ‘yung cycle na ‘yun. Kasi ‘yung Makamasang Tugon, parang pinaganda, or na-enhance na KALAHI na ‘yun. Aside from KALAHI ano pa ang mga experiences ninyo sa participatory processes?

Engr. Alex Reonal: Cost-sharing.

Justin Luna: Cost-sharing, may mga projects po kami. ‘Yun po kasi ‘yung bago na hindi basta hand out or dole out, dapat may counterpart.

Facilitator: Halimbawa, anong project po?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa JICA, katatapos din lang.

Facilitator: Ano naman ‘yung sa JICA? Ano pong project ‘yun?

Justin Luna: Farm to market ‘yun, Lex?

Facilitator: Farm to market.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung counterpart, may provision ang provincial government.

Facilitator: Ang mga community po may participation sa JICA?

Justin Luna: Actually, ‘yun sa sinasabing cost sharing, parang wala ‘yun. Sa ngayon, ‘yung project ng JICA, ang na-shoulder lang ng LGU pati ‘yung sa community, ma-ensure ‘yung right of way.

Engr. Alex Reonal: Participation ng mga technical personnel. ‘Yung cost nun, sa counterpart.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sahod nila, a certain percentage computed na sa cost sharing. Honorarium na hindi naman actually, costing lang.

Facilitator: Meron pang iba?

Engr. Alex Reonal: Finance.

Justin Luna: Finance, sa kanya. Transparency, book keeping ganyan, prescribed guidelines, disbursement, ganyan.

Facilitator: ‘Yun sa, si councilor naman sasagot. ‘Yung sa projects?

Angel Laguilles: Noong 2011, nagconduct din ng para sa priority project.

Facilitator: Ano pong ginagawa niyo dun para maka-identify ng priority projects?

Angel Laguilles: Parang nag-consultation kami.

Facilitator: Sino pong mga kasama niyo dun sa workshop?

Angel Laguilles: Mga department heads, sa DepEd. DepEd ‘yun di ba?

Facilitator: Kung baga sa ano, kung magde-describe tayo ng comparison, alin ba sa mga experiences na ito ang masasabi natin na talagang..in the context of participation, aling sa mga experiences natin na ito ang masasabi na…

Justin Luna: Doon kasi Sir sa seminar workshop, andun ‘yung sa youth, ‘yung supervisor andun din. So when it comes dun sa ano sa Sangguniang Bayan, ang role ay mag-ano ng ordinances appropriate din sa pangangailang din ng sector na ‘yun. Youth, halimbawa youth education. Meron din dun ‘yung sectorals. Parang si Councilor Romualdo na rin ang tumatayong ano sectoral representative. Kasi ang number one, ‘yung sinabi ko kanina wala nang nagpapa-acredit. So ‘yun ang naging problem namin sa NAPC. Paano naming i-include ‘yung CSO, hindi naman. Kasi requirement nila dapat accredited eh. So dito samin, wala namang accredited kasi walan SEC. ‘Yung grupo nila medyo malakas lakas kasi parang na-umbrella ninyo Kagawad ‘yung s social action center eh.

Facilitator: So sa action center sa Diocese ‘yan?

Facilitator: So siguro technical term na lang?

Justin Luna: Technical term na lang ‘yun. Sa 7160 ‘yun ang nakalagay di ba? So okay naman, naipakita natin na may participation ang CSO. Kusa naman silang pumupunta.

Facilitator: Etong JMC, familiar ba kayo dito? Gaano kayo ka-familiar dito?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung pinaka-kwan talaga, hindi masyado. Pero ‘yung concept, oo. Na-breakdown naming ‘yan, Sir. ‘Yung prioritization ng project, kung saan manggaling. Kasi before, ‘yung idea talaga may participation ang CSO. Si Mayor ang nag-identify ng lahat. Kapitan, anong kailangan mo? Ganito ba? Which is misconception naman. Kasi sabi ko nga, even before pa, Kap, tinatanong ni Mayor ano ba ang kailangan diyan sa bayan ninyo o barangay ninyo? Eh Mayor, sabi ng mga tao ganito, ganito, ganito. So very informal ba. Hindi gaya nung sa KALAHI na barangay assembly. Kung baga sa concept, na-formalize lang. ‘Yung sa KALAHI, sinusunod naman. Gumanda lang ang pagtingin o package.

Facilitator: Kasi ‘yun naman representation nun, ‘yung sa barangay.

Justin Luna: May katalo ako niyan, Sir. Actually from ano siya, DSWD. Dun sa 16 processes, sabi ko sinusunod naman naming ‘yun.

Facilitator: 16 steps.

Justin Luna: Oo, 16 steps. Nagkatalo kami, Sir kung anong proof ang maipapakita naming na dumaan sa ganung process.

Facilitator: Magkaiba ang process pero pareho lang din ng result.

Facilitator: Ano pong nangyari dito? Inexplain ba ito ng NAPC?

Justin Luna: Alin po?

Facilitator: Etong JMC? Pano diniscuss sa inyo?

Justin Luna: May mga inattendan kami nito. Hindi ko na masyadong ma-recall.

Facilitator: ‘Yung JMC na tinatawag, siya ‘yung parang guidelines ng BUP.

Justin Luna: Parang di ko nama-recall. Maaari, Sir pero hindi ko na ma-recall. Basta ‘yung prescribed nilang ano, sinusunod naman naming. 609? Ang dami na ring naattendan.

Facilitator: Ma’am kayo? Kayo ‘yung sa kaperahan eh. Familiar po kayo?

Glena Losito: Hindi po.

Justin Luna: Sa dami na ng ano.

Facilitator: Eton nadiscuss sa inyo?

Glena Losito: Hindi rin.

Facilitator: Basta ‘yung sa inyo parang general?

Justin Luna: Sa dami ng ganito, Sir. Hindi mo pa nada-digest ‘yung isa, may darating na namang bago.

Facilitator: ‘Yun nga napansin natin.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung time constraint pa, Sir.

Justin: Alam mo, Sir nag-attend ako nung sa Holiday Inn last May ata ‘yun. Andun si Secretary Soliman. Sa Holiday Inn Manila. Sa bottom-up planning din ‘yun eh. Sa Ortigas? Sa Holiday Inn? Iba ‘yung pinagtatalunan dun ng mga mayor eh. Kaya nagulat kaming participants dun na hindi mayor. Bakit nagtatalo na agad sa ganun? Eh bottom-up planning naman ididiscuss dun eh. Advance na sila, ayaw nila ng KALAHI way.

Facilitator: Ano po ang kanilang concern sa proseso ng KALAHI?

Justin Luna: Sa budget. ‘Yung pera daw ng munisipyo, ibibigay sa barangay. Tapos barangay ang maiimplement, magko-conduct ng bidding.

Facilitator: Tungkol sa 9184, agency to agency? Ganun?

Facilitator: Kung ito na ‘yung gagamitin?

Facilitator: Siguro hindi na natin madi-discuss ito. Kasi ‘yung sa Makasamang Tugon. Sabi dito, describe how the expanded LPRAT conducted the workshop on JMC, sa joint memorandum. Anyway, ‘yung sa isang question pa, how was the LPRAT organized?

Justin Luna: Based din dito, kaya meron ding CSO. Hindi kasi member nun. Ang ginawa ni Mayor, may consultant kami. Pinag-aralan ‘yung guidelines. Kaya dun nasunod siguro ‘yung guidelines. Ang nagworkshop sa inyo si Chona?

Glena Losito: Saan? ‘Yung sa LPRAT? Andito, o. Andyan ka nga.

Justin Luna: Sa dami ng meeting, nahihilo na kami eh. Sila makakasagot nan kung maalala pa nila. Hindi na rin maalala ni mare eh. March 5?

Glena Losito: DILG?

Justin Luna: Si Chona? Pero sa workshop, Sir sino ba dapat?

Facilitator: Ang nagfa-facilitate ay NAPC. Dito po? Sino po ang..

Glena Losito: DILG.

Facilitator: Ano po ang naging output niyo dito? Sa workshop?

Glena Losito: Ano ba?

Facilitator: Dito sa workshop?

Glena Losito: Ay ano ‘yan. LAPP.

Justin Luna: Iba ‘yan. Iba ‘yan, Sir. Parang wala pa no?

Facilitator: Ano po tong LAPP?

Justin Luna: Local Action Poverty Plan.

Facilitator: Sa DILG? Hindi NAPC?

Justin Luna: Iba, nahihilo na kami eh.

Facilitator: Pero poverty action plan din.

Justin Luna: Actually, ‘yun na rin ‘yun sa poverty planning eh. Sa prioritization, ‘yung ganyan. ‘Yung pagdating sa LPRAT, EO ang gumawa. Na-create.

Glena Losito: Tapos planning.

Facilitator: Pero ginawa niyo pa ‘yun o hindi na?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa poverty planning, ‘yung MPDO. Wala MPDO eh. Nasa seminar.

Glena Losito: Ang naalala ko si Benjie (MPDO) ang nag-ano diyan sa workshop. Naalala ko ‘yun nagpatawag siya.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung MDC? Plus ‘yung CSO.

Glena Losito: ‘Yung ang naalala ko. Si Benjie ang nagpatawag diyan.

Justin Luna: Parang si Mayor naka-preside ano?

Glena Losito: ‘Yun ang naalala ko. Kasi Sir nung nagdi-discuss kami sa budget, naka-third ano na kami kahapon. ‘Yung sa LPRAT. Sa MPDO siguro to?

Justin Luna: Nasa seminar kasi. Seminay ‘yun na papasok din sa census eh.

Glena Losito: Sir, ‘yung anon g DBM ang nag-conduct sa amin nan.

Faciliator: Kasi ano ‘to eh. Marami ang involved dito na agency.

Glena Losito: Para dawsa 2013 ‘yan. May 69 municipalities…

Facilitator: Sa Region 5?

Glena Losito: Opo, magkakaron kami ng roll out. Pito ang involved na agency doon para sa roll out.

Facilitator: Actually, hindi lang po pito. Marami ‘yan.

Glena Losito: Hindi, dito lang.

Justin Luna: May tourism pa nga diyan eh.

Glena: Wala, eto lang dito sa atin. MPDC, MPDO.

Facilitator: Kasi, ‘yun ang anon g BUP. Lahat ng agency dapat mag-allocate.

Glena Losito: Magse-seminar kami for two days.

Facilitator: Kailan yan?

Glena Losito: Nitong Octover 2012.

Facilitator: For 2014 na ‘yun?

Glena Losito: For 2013 Sir.

Facilitator: Para sa release na siguro?

Glena Losito: Opo, sa release na. Kasi sir nakalagay dun sa program nila, 8 million yung sa Jovellar. Farm to market road.

Justin Luna: Bale tatlo ‘yun.

Facilitator: Kailangan pala naming ng kopya ng list of identified projects.

Glena Losito: ‘Yun lang po ang sa Jovellar.

Facilitator: Ilan, magkano lahat?

Glena Losito: 8 million.

Facilitator: Sinasabi dito, pwede kayong mag-exceed eh. Ang gagawin ng nationa government agencies..

Justin Luna: Hahanapan nila ng agency na pareho ang project.

Facilitator: ‘Yung bang sa Makamasang Tugon, halimbawa meron ding naprioritize, hahanapan din ng agency…

Faciliator: Sasali na ako sa discussion. Kasi bottom-up planning naman, ibig sabihin, bottom-up implementation din. Kayo ang masusunod kung ano ang gusto niyong..

Justin Luna: Ayaw nila ng way ng KALAHI. ‘Yung munisipyo daw hindi pwedeng pakialaman ‘yung community. Eh wala namang sinasabing ganun ah. Anyway, malalaman naming ‘yan sa seminar.

Facilitator: So hindi pa clear?

Justin Luna: Hindi pa talaga clear.

Facilitator: Depende siguro sa nature ng project, kung it involve infrastructure, kung community naman, siguro doon. Ang overall in-charge munisipyo, kasi kayo rin ang sisingilin pagdating ng ano. Kayo rin ang tatanungin sa 8 million. Anyway, isa lang sa mga ano. Pero papunta na dun eh. Meron nang release eh.

Glena Losito: Maraming projects ang naka-endorse, dun sa list ng projects. Pero ‘yun lang ang ano eh, may list of projects na dapat lang ang NAPC. ‘Yung sa budget,’yung lang. Kasi ang daming project ang nakalagay sa list, pero ‘yung hindi pala naka-ano sa NAPC.

Facilitator: Halimbawa, ano po?

Justin Luna: Meron kasi ‘yung NAPC, Sir na projects na ipapasok na priority projects. As far as I know ‘yung submitted naming priority projects, pasado naman ‘yun. Kasi may justification din kami bakit ganun ang kailangan eh.

Facilitator: ‘Tong BUP, parang ginawa siyang strategy ng government para ma-focus lalo ‘yung pag-address ng poverty dun sa barangay level. Kasi ang nagiging criticism doon kapag galing sa taas ‘yung identification ng projects, hindi talaga actually nakaka-ano.

Justin Luna: Meron kami Sir noong panahon ni Gloria, sa Office of the President sa people’s affairs meron silang 4 million or 6 million? 4 million. Sabi sa amin, Sir ganito 1 million for ganito, 1 million for ganito. Water system, classroom, multi-purpose hall. Noong sa validation, nagtanong kami, Sir pwedeng ‘yung 4 million ibuhos na lang sa road? Eh hindi ho eh. Nagpunta ako dito para magvalidate kung ito ba ‘yung lalagyan, not necessarily ‘yung needs ng community. So no choice, kahit okay pa naman ‘yung classroom, water system kahit pa nag-iigib kami hindi naming kailangan maglagay ng tangke or what, wala namang pump ganun din iigib din kami. Sabi niya, hindi lalagyan pa rin ng water system. Multi-purpose hall eh meron naman kaming barangay hall. Hindi, iba daw ‘yung multi-purpose hall. ‘Yung road na 1 million, kasi 1 meter lang ang ginagawa ng Mayor. Every barangay meron kami per year. Kahit 1 meter lang basta may sementado. Hindi daw, graveling lang yan. Sabi niya ‘yun daw ang project dito sa inyo. Kung baga, take it or leave it. Etong bottom-up planning, kung ano lang ang kailangan.

Facilitator: ‘Yun nga ang criticism before, kaya nga iimplement nila ang BUP. Marami ngang ginagawa ang government, pero maraming waste. Pero kung community talaga ang mag-identify, sigurado na kung ano ang issue dun sa baba, ‘yun ang ma-address. Kesa gastos ka lang ng gastos hindi na naman sa kailangan.

Justin Luna: Mas nakikita ng tao eh. Doon kami nagka-ano ni Usec. Dorota dun. Ano daw ang poverty action project. Eh sir, ang kailangan talaga ‘yung road. Wala kayong livelihood? Wala. Road lang talaga. Sabi ko, saka na lang.

Glena Losito: Doon samin kahapon, identified mga municipality.

Justin Luna: Anong project diyan, mare?

Glena Losito: Farm to market road. Del Rosario Jovellar.

Justin Luna: Nagtaka ko diya eh. Meron kaming vina-validate dito sa DA, 10 million worth wala pang isang kilometro. High-cost ‘yung sa aggregates. Naalala ko ‘yung sabi ng mga mayor, kasali pa naman kami sa identified 609 cities and municipalities, bakit wala kaming funding allocation?

Facilitator: Dito 8 million.

Justin Luna: Pero ‘yan not only for one project yan, Sir eh. Let’s say parang tulay ito no? So priority project ‘yung sa MDC pinag-usapan kung anong ipa-priority natin. ‘Yung ibang barangay, okay pa naman kami dito meron namang pathway, dun sa kabilang barangay na. Alam mo Sir, ang data niyang 2003. ‘Yung poverty population?

Facilitator: Eh di lalong mas konti na ngayon?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa ngayon, 2000 ‘yan ‘yung nagqualify sa 4Ps. Binase nila ‘yan dito sa may formula sila. Ang lalabas talaga 1000 plus ang mahirap dito sa Jovellar. 2003 data yan. Sabi ko, 2012 na tayo nag-uusap. Diyan din Sir lumabas ‘yun ano. May isang mayor dun I think from Camarines Norte, nag-react siya sabi nya ano ba talagang census body na magde-determine ng tamang data kasi may bisita daw Indonesians na bumisita sa Pilipinas, nalilito sila. Sa Indonesia, meron silang census board, isa lang. Covered niya nationwide. Lahat ng census, yun lang ang tatakbuhan mo.

Sabi ni Secretary Soliman, meron pa kaming Fisheries Council, may iba pang kunukuhanan ng data. So anong susundin namin? Iba ang data ng NSO, iba ng survey ng Agriculture.

Facilitator: CBMS meron kayo?

Justin Luna: Nag-CBMS pa lang kami. Meron kami Sir, EBMS sana. Kaya lang hindi recognized ng NAPC, so CBMS na lang.

Facilitator: Incidentally pala dun sa mga ginawang prioritization ng projects, pano nila pinaprioritize yung projects?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung pagi-implement? Meron kaming soil erosion.

Facilitator: Pano ang ginawa doon?

Justin Luna: Ang ginawa Sir, may municipal interbarangay forum sila.

Facilitator: Before that anong ginawa?

Justin Luna: Yung sa identification, barangay muna. Later on, nag municipal interbarangay forum. Kung ano ba talaga ang dapat nating prioririty. So nagbotohan sila no? ‘Yung iba, give way na. Kasi tig-500,000 sila dito. Give way na ako, yung pera sa ganitong barangay ibibigay na sa ibang cluster ng barangay kasi mas importante ‘yung project nila.

Facilitator: Paano niyo naprocess ‘yun?

Justin Luna: Usap usap sila. ‘Yung iba naman kasi, nagconduct sila ng meeting. ‘Yung mga barangay, sila sila mismo nag-open na ganun. ‘Yung isang kapitan, makikiusap muna sa ibang kapitan na ibigay muna ‘yung share. Kasi ‘yung project naming dito, cluster yan eh. Walong cluster. Kung hindi maimplement ang project na to, darating ang panahon, mawawala ang economic center kasi nae-erode na.

Facilitator: So hindi pala nahirapan magkaroon ng consensus.

Justin Luna: Syempre, meron dyan na initial reaction na bakit ako, kailangan ko ng ganito. Kaya lang tinitingnan ‘yung bigger picture, ‘yung project na mas malaki ang impact. ‘Yung isang project na andun, ‘yung concreting na ganun, tiningnan nila kung hindi ito masesemento, eto yung road dun sa isang bayan. Dun din ang agricultural production.

Facilitator: Halimbawa, dun po sa pag-identify ng erosion control project, ano bang parang nagdiscuss lang sila na ito ba ang, meron ba silang data to support your….

Justin Luna: Wala pa kasi kaming Sir CBMS eh. Pinag-usapan na kung hindi maimplement ang ganung project, anong mangyayari? Mabubutas ‘yun ano, pati ‘yung public market mawawala. Ilang barangays din ang affected diyan, Magsaysay, Sto Nino, Aurora, Mabini, so kung hindi sila nagcombine or hindi sila nag-give way, sa kalakasan ng ulan ngayon because of climate change, konting oras lang mataas na ang tubig.

Facilitator: Ganun din ang nangyari sa pag-identify ng FMR?

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa FMR naman, tiningnan nila ‘yung agricultural production area. ‘Yung dito kasi, medyo mountainous na. So nag-usap usap din sila, ibigay na natin dun sa kabila. Tutal hindi naman ito yung inang pagkakataon na bibigyan tayo ng project sa KALAHI. So ganun ang kinalabasan. May mga barangay na naghabol ng priority projects, pero ayun ang ano. Siguro ‘yung ibang barangay captains, ginawang pakiusap kaya dun sa kanila nailagay. Kasi ang pinoprotektahan ng soil erosion ‘yung economic center ng bayan eh. ‘Yung sa FMR naman, kadugtong na ‘yun ng ibang projects.

Facilitator: Ang iniisip ko kasi, baka meron pa kayong, dib a ‘yung mga nag-o-organize ng workshop meron pa silang rating rating na ganun. Eto ‘yung important, eto ‘yung not urgent.

Justin Luna: Oo, meron silang ganun. Parang sa KALAHI. Di ko masyadong kabisado ‘yun pero sa prioritization merong ganun. Lima ‘yun eh, parang lima. ‘Yung mas marami bang makikinabang, masu-sustain ba ‘yung project.

Facilitator: Parang nilalagyan ng konting science ‘yung…

Justin Luna: Oo, ‘yung pag-decision.

Facilitator: Ilang tao ba o magkano ba ang income ng stakeholders na directly affected. ‘Yung mga ganung discussion.

Justin Luna: Merong ganun, Sir. Nagwo-workshop naman ‘yung sa community nyan eh.

Facilitator: Kung sila din ‘yung sa KALAHI, halos ganun din ‘yun. Sa Makamasang Tugon, munisipyo na nag-aano diyan eh. Sa KALAHI, mas DSWD ang nagfa-facilitate.

Jutin Luna: Munisipyo na. NagCBIS na kami. Capacity-building. Halos ganun din, halos same process din.

Facilitator: Kasi ang assumption doon, parang hasang-hasa na kayo dun sa cycle 1.

Justin Luna: Pero dun sa cycle 1, halos hindi rin eh.

Engr. Alex Reonal: Sa cycle 1, halos hindi rin kami na-involve. May mga nilagay na technical person who were tasked to monitor. Parang technical assistance, review.

Justin Luna: Ganun din ngayon. Si accountant, sa book keeping. Roving book keeper ka, ano??

Glena Losito: Roving book keeper.

Justin Luna: Check lang naman kung in accordance sa ano eh. ‘Yung sa survey, survey of projects region ang nag ano eh.

Facilitator: Survey?

Justin Luna: Kasi ang nangyari medyo nagkaron kami ng konting controversy dito. Sa projects, region daw ang maghire. Pero naayos naman ang survey, nareview naman ni Engineer. Naimplement naman.

Facilitator: Ano ang mga factors na nakita niyo na nakatulong sa implementation, hindi na BUP eh, sa proseso na ginamit niyo? Mga facilitating factors sa ito sa Makamasang Tugon, di ba? Hindi BUP. Meron kayong na-identify na factors sa facilitation ng project?

Justin Luna: Kasi ‘yun namang sa projects, perennial na hinigingi samin ‘yan eh. Kulang lang ng pondo na malaki-laki para maimplement talaga. Otherwise, ‘yun naman talaga.

Facilitator: So sinasabi natin na pag kailangan ng tao, nakafacilitate dun ‘yung kanilang inputs?

Justin Luna: Oo, kung baga sa kwan, ‘yung sinasabi niyong maidentify na scientific formula, mas naging scientific lang sa KALAHI. Pero otherwise, same lang din naman.

Facilitator: Ano pa Sir?

Justin Luna: Paano napadali ang pag identify?

Facilitator: Kahit sa kabuuan ng proseso.

Justin Luna: Halos same naman sa BUP. Halos same din kasi sa time na pagbigay ng NAPC. So if we will conduct another round of barangay assemblies, ‘yun rin naman kakalabasan eh. Tumingin kasi sa napag-usapan sa barangay. Tugma naman sa anong barangay captains.

Facilitator: Dun naman sa negative side, anong mga problemang na-encounter?

Justin Luna: Saan, Sir?

Facilitator: Ganun pa rin sa Makamasang Tugon.

Justin Luna: Halos one year na mga, yung time na bago mag-implement ng project. Sinusunod din yun. Isa pa pala yun Sir. Sa mga workshop. Isa pa pala yun sa naraise ng mga mayors dun. Kung may susunod na naman na KALAHI, iorient na naman mga tao bago maimplement yung program matatagalan. Whereas pag LGU ang nag-implement, bidding lang tapos na yan. Ganun ang sentiments ng mga mayor. Kasi ‘yung KALAHI, one year to implement. When actually, ang implementation 140 calendar days?

Engr. Alex Reonal: Depende sa ano, sa amount.

Justin Luna: Ang mahaba yung preparation, mga documentation, mga workshop. Sayang daw ang perang pinapatraining sa mga barangay. Naririnig ko lang din naman.

Facilitator: Oo, malaki ang budget nila sa mga ganyan.

Justin Luna: Oo, malaki. Magkano ba ang total cost ng project? Let’s say 11 point something million, mga 2 or 3 million para sa seminar. Sabi ng mga mayor, kung 2 or 3 million binigay, pwede pang ipasemento yung lugar. Si Mayor naming, hindi naman ganun ang reaksyon. ‘Yung mga militante ‘yun, isa ay announcer pa dun. Training nan training, pag tinanong naman daw di naman alam.

Facilitator: Pwede nating isympathize nay an eh, na kunukulit ako ng mga tao eh. Kaya ganun sila. Kung pwede, wag nang mahabang training.

Justin Luna: Ang point dun ‘yung pera, mllion ‘yun eh. ‘Yung training ganyan. Pero wala kang magagawa. That’s the process eh. The process of educating the barangay. Magastos, alam naman ng munisipyo kung pano magimplement. Para transparent. Pero transparent naman tayo eh, nagpe-present tayo ng expenditure. Eh kung sa transparency, nanalo nga kami ng Seal of Good Housekeeping.

Facilitator: Requirement na nga pala yan no? Bago ma-release, requirement yan.

Justin Luna: Pangalawa na yan eh. 1 million. ‘Yung last time, 600,000. ‘Yan ang last na inaward samin ni Robredo. Andun si Mayor, sabi nya mas mataas ka pa sa akin eh. Sabi nga ni Mayor, nakakalungkot yun na pala ang last naming pagkikita. Awardee kami nan, hinihintay na lang ang pera.

Glena Losito: ‘Yung iba nga Sir, nagtataka wala pa sila nan.

Justin Luna: Pati sa kwan, Sir. Pag maglo-loan sa bangko? Sa projects? Requirement na yan.

Facilitator: Malaking bagay yan. Lalo na sa mga tao.

Justin Luna: Kaya nga Sir may tarpaulin kami sa harap. Pangit lang t-shirt ko.

Facilitator: Kung transparency ang pag-uusapan, transparent talaga. Kasi one time, pinaattend ako ni Mayor sa Naga. Bakit wala kaming ganyan? Sabi ko, meron Mayor wala lang tayong documentation.

Justin Luna: Ayun nagpursige kami na idocument ‘yung mga ginagawa naming ano sa transparency, sa bids and awards, transparency lang yan eh. Sa bulletin boards. Ngayon tatlo na bulletin boards naming, sa disclosure. Pagdating sa Seal of Housekeeping pasado na. Si Robredo pa.

Facilitator: So dito naman, sa palagay ko marami kayong mase-share. What changes do you want to happen on the implementation of BUP? O dun sa Makamasan Tugon.

Justin Luna: Palagay ko Sir yung sinabi ng mga mayor dun. Lakihan pa yung reward.

Facilitator: Positive reinforcement.

Justin Luna: Positive reinforcement kesa yung iho-hold niyo pa ERA namin. Susunod kami kung bibigyan niyo kami ng mas malaking reward.

Facilitator: Yan (Seal of Good Housekeeping) meron din yan nun.

Justin Luna: Actually Sir yan award na yan, parang nagwi-wish kami na kasunod ay 1 million.

Facilitator: So kung 10 percent ang allocation sa counterpart, ang suggestion mo…

Justin Luna: Sa reward Sir. Nagmu-mukmok ang mga mayor, bakit daw nung kasama pa sila di sila nabigyan ng 8 million. Eh sabi ni Secretary, hanapan po namin kayo. Basta kami, walang pakialam sa inyo. Meron na kaming milyones.

Facilitator: Kayo Konsehal, anong suggestion niyo para maimprove pa yung bottom-up planning? Sa inyong context ay Makasamang Tugon.

Angel Laguilles: Sana maraming pondo ang ibigay. Kung limitado ang pondo, hanggang duun ka lang.

Facilitator: Halimbawa, hanggang dun na lang ang pondo, ano pa ang gusto mong i-suggest para maimprove?

Angel Laguilles: Kung may iba pang funding agency, pwedeng gumawa ng resolution para dun sa agency.

Justin Luna: Incentivizing the participating LGU.

Facilitator: May direct link itong performance…

Justin Luna: Sa incentive. Pati sa pag-utang naming. Kasi kulang ang pondo namin. Pag nasunod namin ang bottom-up planning, mas madali kaming makautang sa bangko. Doon na pumasok ‘yung Seal of Good Housekeeping. Nirequire na yun bangko, mas madali pag meron.

Facilitator: Kayo, Sir anong suggestion niyo?

Victor Romualdo: Madagdagan ang pondo para marami kaming project, lalo na ‘yung farm to market road lang. Pano sir ang mga bridges?

Facilitator: Hindi ba yun sa kasama?

Engr. Alex Reonal: Hiwalay, depende sa project. ‘Yung sa dati kasi, tulay lang talaga. Hiwalay ‘yun.

Justin Luna: Galing ako sa DA one time, meron na silang farm to market bridge program. Ngayon, gagawa tayo ng resolution na farm to market bridge program. Meron naman silang ano.

Victor Romualdo:’Yung Del Rosario to Poblacion, may problema tayo sa tulay.

Facilitator: Oo nga, kung wala ‘yung sa tulay parang wala din.

Facilitator: Pero dito naaddress naman yun.

Justin Luna: Pero Congress naman ang mag-aaprove dito eh.

Facilitator: Budget ng departments ang ia-approve dito ng Congress. Halimbawa, department of.. DPWH or Department of Agriculture. Di ba ganun naman yun?

Justin Luna: In theory. Kaya ang request naming, idirect na sa LGU. Kasi ang nangyayari, pinakakaialaman ni Congresman. Bago maglagay ng funding, tiitngnan ng Congressman kung sinong may request sa district niya. Kung padaanin sa district, minsan matagal ang implementation ng project. Eh pareho lang naman. Ibidding in naman. Kung sa local, mas madali.

Facilitator: Mas mahirap kung galing sa amin.

Justin Luna: Incentivizing na lang, Sir. Kung kaninong LGU, dun na lang. Sentimento din naman ng mga mayor dun sa Holiday Inn.

Facilitator: Makikita na naman to ni Soliman.

Justin Luna: Dun nga sa mayor sa announcer, hindi rin nakasagot si Soliman. ‘Yung process.

Facilitator: Kayo ma’am?

Glena Losito: Parehas lang sir. Ang dami naming project.

Justin Luna: Nagreact nga diyan sa Usec. Dorotan. Kahit sinong tanungin niyo dito, ayun naman talaga ang lalabas. Kasi Sir hindi ako taga dito sa barangay. Four years pa lang ako dito. Meron yun ang gusto ng taga dito, yung road. Kung health center naman, hindi rin matitreat dito eh. Mas maganda pang itakbo sa bayan. Yun talaga ang clamor. Yun pa nakafacilitate sa amin. Common ang hinihingi ng tao.

Facilitator: Kayo, Sir?

Engr. Alex Reonal: ‘Yung downloading. Kung directly, madownload ng local government. Makakatulong din yun Sir sa implementation.

Justin Luna: Yun kasi ang point dun eh. Lalo na sa Seal of Good Housekeeping kasi transparent naman kami sa implementation.

Facilitator: So sa last na po tayo. After na masubmit ninyo ang inyong list, ano pa ang mga activities?

Justin Luna: Wala pa naman masyado no?

Glena Losito: Sa October pa, Sir.

Facilitator: So wala pa?

Justin Luna: Ngayon ngayon lang kasi yan. Last April lang ‘yan.

Facilitator: Sa Makamasang Tugon, ano namang activities?

Angel Laguilles: 60 percent accomplishment na.

Justin Luna: May agreement nay an sa barangay.

Glena Losito: Rating ang gagawin naming sa 9 and 10. Kung anong gagawin naming. Alba yang nagschedule sa 9 and 10.

Facilitator: Sinong magrerate?

Glena Losito: Kayo siguro Sir?

Facilitator: Hindi na kami.

Glena Losito: 4 daw passing, sa BUP.

Justin Luna: Yung pagsubmit naming ng priority projects, may submission ng ng supporting documents. May mga pumunta pa dito eh.

Faciliator: So parang isa pang requirement yung at least 4 na rating. After nun, wala nang problema? Ano pang sabi nila?

Glena Losito: May mga forms na ifillout daw namin. May mga survey na sasagutan.

Justin Luna: Dapat nga hindi na kami i-require eh.

Glena Losito: Yun daw gagawin namin, Sir.

Justin Luna: Yung sa award na to, Sir. May mga dumating pa dito, tiningnan yung sa compliance. Kelan ba yung award sa COA?

Facilitator: May mga recommendations sila?

Justin Luna: Compliance. Meron ditong isang mayor, ang laki laki na ng (income ng munisipyo). Pero laglag agad sila dahil sa overspending. Actually hindi alam na.. kausap ko last time, hindi alam na ganun pala problema ng bayan namin. Sabi niya, meron daw kayong Seal of Good Housekeeping ah, bakit kami wala? Eh meron kayong overspending eh. Kaya na-red flag sila.

Glena Losito: Wala silang Seal of Good Housekeeping.

Justin Luna: Meron pa daw kaming tarpaulin. Kaya pala sila dun nakafloating. Nakalimutan ko pangalan. Kasama ko sa seminar, magaling yun. May disallowance eh. Ang pagkaalam ko yung calamity fund. May chinarge sila na hindi pwede. So nabigla siya, hindi daw nya alam na ganun. Ah sorry, ika ko. Ngayon mo pa nalaman.

Facilitator: Etong tanong na to, nadiscuss na kanina eh. Anong magiging role niyo sa farm to market road?

Justin Luna: May MOA naman siguro.

Facilitator: Di pa clear kung pano.

Justin Luna: Di pa clear. May guidelines or MOA naman siguro. KALAHI kasi nagpabid dun sa ano. Yung sa 8 million, hindi pa naming masasabi. Ang alam ko may MOA yan. May mga preconditions. Malay mo padaanin sa Seal of Goodhousekeeping. Yung sa 8 million sa dadating, may guidelines yan.

Glena Losito: May ano yan, may SARO. Pagrelease may SARO na yan.

Justin Luna: May ano kami sir, the funds should be coming from the Department of Agriculture. May SARO na. Pero bago idownload, may MOA. Mare-release yan next year. Preparation lang kami ng kailangan. Meron kasing list following the BUP process, nakita ko Jovellar. Yung nasubmit natin na project, may budget na.

Glena Losito: Minamadali kasi nila ito for the budget for 2013.

Justin Luna: Kaya lang sir, ang hindi clear dun sa 8 million, kung saan. Sabi DBM.

Glena Losito: Pero sa DA yan. Sa DA yan naka-ano.

Justin Luna: ‘Yung sa DA, meron siyang sinabi eh. Yung maitim na lalaki. Si Usec. ata yun. May pera naman daw ang DSWD. Yung farm to market pala hindi sa DPWH ano? Konti lang and budget. Kapag sa rural, sa DA. Sa kanila, national highways. Tama naman, wag na nilang pakialaman ang barangay.

Facilitator: Etong last question na natin bago tayo wrap up na lang, may tanong na kasi kanina. Pero, may tanong dito, what did you like or did not like about BUP? Please explain.

Justin Luna: Mas ano kasi, dati nang ginagawa. Ang di ko lang talaga maintindihan ang reaction ng mga mayor. Yung sa 9164.

Facilitator: Kayo, sir? Dun sa sinabi ng mga mayor?

Angel Laguilles: Ginagawa naman talaga naming dito. Feedback sa barangay. Si Mayor naman hindi lang barangay captains tinatanong. Kung hindi ka gagawa ng gimik sa barangay assemblies wala talagang pupunta. Even yung sa KALAHI. Yung dati walk out municipal monitor, kasi may walog barangay cluster 33 lang pumunta. Pero the truth of the matter, pag walang incentive sa tao, wala talagang pupunta.

Facilitator: Anong ginagawang gimik?

Angel Laguilles: Pakain or bigay ng bigas. Kasi malalayo ang mga bahay. Minsan pasayaw, hire ng sound system. Tapos may programa.

Facilitator: Kayo Sir?

Justin Luna: Siguro strict following ng bottom-up planning, wag naman masyadong basehan yung ano. Bakit ang mayor ba di pwedeng paniwalaan ang sabi ng barangay captain? Hindi daw Sir, kelangan ng barangay assembly. Magsisinungaling ba yung barangay captain sa mayor? Kasi representative tayo.

Facilitator: Parang sinasabi mo na while okay ang barangay assemblies, hindi naman mali yung sa barangay captains?

Justin Luna: Kasi kanya-kayang din ng style ang barangay captains eh. Pero just the same kailangan talagang magpagimik. But anyway, it is a good idea naman talaga.

Facilitator: Sir kayo?

Justin Luna: Si Engineer kasi, hindi yan nagba-barangay.

Facilitator: Maiksi lang ang report natin pag di kayo nagsalita. Ano ba sa tingin niyo yung hindi dapat ganu? Para malapit sa inyong experience, yung sa Makasamang Tugon.

Justin Luna: Sa mga meeting mo, Lex sa community? Procedure or proseso?

Engr. Alex Reonal: Yung process nila, yung sa procurement act.

Justin Luna: Yung sa 9164, sabi ng mga mayor i-abolish na yan, di naman nasusunod sa KALAHI eh. Yung sa procurement manual.

Facilitator: Sa tingin niyo, maganda yun?

Justin Luna: World Bank guidelines kasi eh.

Glena Losito: Sa accounting, yung requirements nila sa documents, iba sa.. binigyan ko sya ng susundin pero iba naman pala. Tinanong ko kung bakit ganun, yun daw ang nasa guidelines.

Justine Luna: Kaya sabi nung isang mayor, i-abolish na lang kasi susunod din naman daw sa World Bank. Republic Act kasi, di naman nasusunod. I-address na lang daw sa national government. Pagdating kasi sa LGU, dapat ganito, pero sa KALAHI, may parang short cut yata?

Glena Losito: Iba kasi, Sir. May sarili silang requirements.

Justin Luna: Tapos lumalabas na pag sa implementation na may iba na. Pero magulo na.

Facilitator: Buti yung COA pa, minsan nagiging problema din yun?

Justin Luna: Yun nga eh, ang higpit sa LGU pero pagdating sa World Bank hindi makapaghipit.

Glena Losito: Bakit ganyun?

Facilitator: Nasa agreement yan. Sa international. In case meron tayong conflict, kasi pinirmahan yan eh. Wala tayong magagawa diyan.

Glena Losito: Pero sila yun. Iba kasi ang requirements sa amin.

Justin Luna: Kasi di agad nalaman na may ibang requirements sa disbursements.

Facilitator: So palagay ko, yun na mashe-share niyo. Sino mas maraming requirements?

Glena Losito: Binigyan ko sila ng list ng requirements, bakit daw ang dami. Hindi nila sinunod. ‘Yung sa kanila ang nasunod.

Facilitator: Kayo, sir?

Victor Romualdo: Pabor na ako dun sa simple lang. Kung maraming seminar, maraming nababawas sa pera. Pero kung konti lang, konti lang nababawas.

Facilitator: Sige po, masyado na kaming nakaka-abala.

Justin Luna: Yung discussion naman natin, hindi masyadong technical, ano?

Facilitator: Isummarize ko na lang po. Yung participatory process, familiar na talaga kayo. Hindi na strange.

Justin Luna: Nalagyan lang ng label.

Facilitator: Sa JJMC naman, kahit di kayo familiar sa specific provisions, more or less alam niyo ang general idea. Nasunod ang timeline, ang LPRAP ay nagawa. Pero sa halip na sa process na prescribed dito na workshop, yung sa inyo ay Makamasang Tugon.

Justin Luna: Because of the time constraints.

Facilitator: Okay naman sa NAPC. Yung recognized organizations at CSOs, okay naman. Yung sa succeeding meetings, okay naman. So,’yung ating suggestions. Sa factors that facilitated, ‘yun pa din ‘yung interaction with the committee members. Meron pang isa, ‘yung sa representative government. So parang sinasabi natin na ‘yung ganun, sa consultations pwedeng maidaan. Sa CSO representatives, through recognition, so isa ang narecognize?

Justin Luna: Lima, lima sila.

Facilitator: Lahat sila nagparticipate? Ang hindi pa gaano clear, ‘yung kung paano maimplement if madownload na. Anong suggestion niyo para ma-clear na.

Justin Luna: May MOA ‘yun. Sa tingin ko magpapalabas sila ng guidelines.

Glena Losito: Sa BUP wala na.

Justin Luna: Meron yun, sa implementation. Sana yung download direct na sa LGU, pero may MOA. May sariling guidelines ang DA eh. Dun magbase ang MOA, kung ano ang obligation ng LGU at ng DA.

Facilitator: Habawang wala pa ang mga specific, ganung scenario. Sa mga problems na naecounter, sa barangay assembly.

Justin Luna: Oo, kung hindi ka gigimik. Ang importante naman nagather ang tao.

Facilitator: Changes you want to happen, incentivizing, reward system

Justin Luna: Oo, lalo na yung may Seal of Good Housekeeping.

Facilitator: So more or less, ganun ang napag-usapan natin dito. Ang mangyayari kasi dito isa-submit ang report. DAP ang magko-consolidate dito. Samples lang naman, hindi lahat. Iconsolidate ng DAP at DSWD.

Justin Luna: So parang data gathering pa lang kayo?

Facilitator: Data gathering para sa susunod.

Annexes

Executive Order No. 12-04, series of 2012, organizing the LPRAT
List of Prioritized Projects
MDC Resolution Endorsing List of Priority Projects to the Sangguniang Bayan, Jovellar, Albay
Sangguniang Bayan Resolution Endorsing List of Priority Projects to Concerned NGAs
Letter Endorsing Priority Projects to NAPC

[1] The LPRAP (along with the creation of the LPRAT) was first introduced in 2003 by the DILG through DILG MC 2003-92.

[2] The Makamasang Tugon spins off from KALAHI CIDSS with the aim of further mainstreaming community-driven development (CDD) approaches into local development planning and implementation processes. For LGUs to qualify as implementor of Makamasang Tugon, they must have first demonstrated their capacity to successfully implement KALAHI CIDSS.

Bottom-up Planning FGD With LPRAT Of Jovellar, Albay

Focus Group Discussion with the Jovellar Poverty Reduction Action Team

Contents

List of Tables

Background

BUP Objectives

The Municipality of Jovellar

FGD Description

Profile of Respondents

Results of the FGD Discussion

General Feedback on BUP

Level and Depth of Collaboration

Facilitating and Hindering Factors

LGU Support

LGU Concerns with KALAHI

Incomplete CBMS

Effects of the BUP

Discussion Analysis

Conclusion

Annexes

BUP Assessment – Focus Group Discussion Transcription

Annexes

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